WHO histological classification of oesophageal tumours
نویسنده
چکیده
Squamous cell carcinoma In Western countries, oesophageal carcinomas with squamous cell differentiation typically arise after many years of tobacco and alcohol abuse. They frequently carry G:C >T:A mutations of the TP53 gene. Other causes include chronic mucosal injury through hot beverages and malnutrition, but the very high incidence rates observed in Iran and some African and Asian regions remain inexplicable.
منابع مشابه
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